城镇净化沼气池残渣还田处理试点研究

通过对城镇生活污水净化沼气池残渣与农村沼气池沼渣性质的分析比较及农田土壤成分的分析，提出了城镇净化沼气池残渣还田处理研究。在连续三年对小麦，油菜施用城镇净化沼气池残渣还田处理效果研究的基础上，总结出了实用的施用技术。     

浅谈市政道路石灰土基层施工

笔者从石灰土在道路施工中的重要性出发,分析市政道路石灰土基层施工的前期准备工作,并介绍了市政道路石灰土基层施工工艺流程,最后分析了特殊季节道路石灰土基层施工的注意事项。     

Sediment flow behavior in agro-watersheds of the purple soil region in China under different storm types and spatial scales

Conservation tillage has proved to be an effective option to reduce erosion and particulate phosphorus (PP) losses from fields to watercourses. However, it usually leads to the higher losses of P in dissolved reactive (DRP) form if P accumulates into the uppermost soil layer.In this study we investigated the influence of CaCO₃-rich boardmill sludge (BMS, applied 7 years ago) on soil properties and percolate quality with soil samples as well as undisturbed soil columns taken from a long-term conservation-tilled clay field experiment. A short-term laboratory experiment was undertaken to evaluate whether newly added BMS (FS) can be used to improve the quality of percolate waters by reducing turbidity, PP and DRP.The hypothesis was that BMS reduces the risk of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) leaching from conservation-tilled soil. BMS served as a liming agent and counteracted the no-till-induced acidification and accumulation of DRP in the surface soil layer. Surface soil pH was on average 0.3 units higher and soil Ca 500 mg kg⁻¹ higher in the BMS-treated plots than in the plots without BMS. The ability of BMS to enhance the availability of P for plants may prevent the surface accumulation of P in NT cultivation. At the same time, BMS-induced increase in Ca and EC of the surface soil suppress the diffuse double layer by reducing P desorption and leaching risk.In the laboratory experiment, FS reduced percolate turbidity by 80% and PP and DRP concentrations by 62% and 50%, respectively. FS probably improved stability of soil aggregates in the laboratory experiment, obviously through enhanced microbial activity. The covering effect and infiltration of water through the 0–5 cm soil layer seemed to be crucial factors in reducing P losses.BMS proved to be a promising material for the applications to the conservation-tilled fields. The effect of BMS on microbes and immobilization of nutrients, should, however, be studied further in fields under a wider diversity of conditions.     

Subsurface drip irrigation and reclaimed water quality effects on phosphorus and salinity distribution and forage production

In the Canary Islands, water scarcity is one of the constraints for agricultural activity. Non-conventional water resources generally represent more water volume than conventional ones. The distribution of these resources frequently permits the possibility of a conjunctive use of desalinated (DW) water and reclaimed municipal wastewater (RW). Field testing with both water qualities and different irrigation systems is necessary for optimal site-specific management. The objective of this work was to evaluate soil salinity and phosphorus distribution, and alfalfa yield in a 20 month field experiment carried out in the island of Gran Canaria, using municipal RW and freshwater (FW) under subsurface drip irrigation (SDI). Phosphorus speciation was performed both in irrigation waters and in soils (Olsen's inorganic, organic, and microbial). RW had large EC values (2.4 dS m⁻¹) with a remarkable nutrient load contribution and an average total P around 3 mg L⁻¹, predominantly hydrolysable forms, while FW had very low salinity and negligible amounts of P. For the RW treatment a salt gradient was established, causing plant mortality between the irrigation lines. The study of P speciation allows describing P distribution and plant uptake in terms of P forms. Large values of microbial P were produced for the two irrigation waters around the emitters, especially for FW.A faster P-cycling could have contributed to the significantly larger inorganic P contents observed in FW irrigated soils, in spite no external sources were added by the irrigation water.     

废水同步生物处理与生物燃料电池发电研究

利用厌氧活性污泥作为接种体成功地启动了空气阴极生物燃料电池(ACMFC),110h的接种产生了0.24V的电压;以乙酸钠和葡萄糖作底物分别产生了0.38V和0.41V电压(外电阻1 000Ω),最大功率密度分别达到146.56 mW/m²和192.04mW/m²,表明有机废水可以用来发电;同时,乙酸钠和葡萄糖的去除率分别为99%和87%,表明燃料电池可以处理废水.二者的电子回收率均在10%左右,主要是由于阴极对氧气分子的透过作用引起的微生物好氧呼吸导致电子损失.     

好氧颗粒污泥实现同步除磷脱氮的试验研究

在厌氧反应1h，好氧反应4h，缺氧反应2h的运行条件下，研究了序批式反应器中好氧颗粒污泥同步除磷脱氮的情况，并对好氧颗粒污泥除磷脱氮的机理进行了探讨．试验结果表明，该系统对氮、磷和有机物具有良好的去除效果，对氨氮、总无机氮、磷、COD的去除率分别达到89．2％～98．9％，81．3％～89．4％，86．8％～90．0％和82．7％～96．6％。     

几种草本植物对污泥堆肥的生长响应

３种花卉（旱荷花、美人蕉及龟背竹）和５种草坪草（黑麦草、紫羊茅、葡枝翦股颖、马尼拉草及白三叶）施用污泥堆肥后，花卉的开花时间提前、花期延长，开花量增加；草坪草的生物量增大，绿色期延长等；土壤理化性质有明显改善。长期施用该污泥堆肥，不会造成Ｃｄ、Ｈｇ对园林植物的毒害；当污泥堆肥施用量小于９ｋｇ／ｍ￣２时，无ＮＯ￣3－Ｎ淋溶及地面径流造成的环境问题。     

短程硝化反应器过程动力学特性研究

    采用脉冲刺激响应技术对内循环颗粒污泥床短程硝化反应器进行了示踪试验,结果表明反应器循环区的串联级数N为1.02,流态接近全混流反应器(CSTR),反应器沉淀区的分散数D/uL为0.00148,流态接近平推流反应器(PFR),整个反应器的流动模型可以表示为全混流反应器和平推流反应器的串联组合.对内循环颗粒污泥床短程硝化反应器曝气过程中的氨逃逸进行了分析,建立了氨逃逸的动力学模型,测得稳态运行时氨逃逸系数KNH3为0.692 L·h-1.通过物料平衡,建立了内循环颗粒污泥床短程硝化反应器的过程动力学模型,测得稳态运行时的模型参数:氨氮最大比去除速率vmax=8.13mg NH4+-N.(g MLSS)-1·h-1、饱和常数Ks=1.73 mg NH4+-N·L-1,动力学模型的计算值与试验值吻合良好,两者的平均相对误差为12.8%.     

海湾泥 碱渣和粉煤灰作为园林种植基质的氮素生理类群及生化作用研究

海湾泥、碱渣和粉煤灰是天津滨海地区大量存在的固体废弃物,通过前期室内配比筛选、盆栽试验、田间试验表明其混合基质可以用于园林绿化,并在防护林建设中获得成功.以滨海盐土、客土绿地为对照,对通过脱盐、培肥、种植毛白杨、刺槐、洋白蜡、金银木、紫花苜蓿等园林植物后基质的氨化细菌、好气性自身固氮菌、硝化细菌、反硝化细菌、纤维素分解菌等土壤氮素生理类群的数量进行了研究,同时对呼吸作用、氨化作用强度以及二者与土壤微生物数量、理化性质进行了相关性分析.结果表明,基质的氮素生理类群数量高于或与客土绿地相当,明显高于滨海盐土.呼吸作用高于客土绿地和滨海盐土,氨化作用强度与客土绿地相当,说明混合基质的氮素转化、有机物质的矿化能力以及基质整体的代谢水平好于客土绿地.土壤呼吸作用强度与土壤盐分呈极显著负相关,与细菌数量呈显著正相关.氨化作用强度与全氮、全磷、有机质含量、细菌和真菌数量呈极显著正相关,与放线菌呈显著正相关,与速效钾、盐分呈显著负相关.     

城市污泥处理处置及资源化研究进展

我国是一个经济基础较为薄弱、可耕地有限的农业大国,而污泥中富含植物生长必需的有机质、腐殖质和矿质元素,本文首先介绍了将污泥作为栽培基质部分或全部替代土壤,将污泥制成复合或生物复合肥料与无机或有机基质混配为复合基质等的可行性;然后指出使污泥处置与污泥稳定化、减量化、无害化及资源化相结合将成为解决城市污泥问题的最终出路。